Shift Register

This example demonstrates how to shift values in registers in each clock cycle

KEY CONCEPTS: Kernel Optimization, Shift Register, FIR

KEYWORDS: #pragma HLS ARRAY_PARTITION

This example demonstrates two ways to implement an FIR filter discrete convolution operation. It requires the values of all elements of FIR filter array for each element of the output array.

In the naive implementation, limited memory ports are available from the shift_reg array to the kernel interface thus efficient pipelining of the operation is not possible.

int coeff_reg[N_COEFF];
read_coef:
 for (int i = 0; i < N_COEFF; i++)
    #pragma HLS PIPELINE II=1
     coeff_reg[i] = coeff[i];

outer_loop:
 for (int j = 0; j < signal_length; j++) {
     int acc = 0;
 shift_loop:
     for (int i = min(j, N_COEFF - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
        #pragma HLS PIPELINE II=1
         acc += signal_r[j - i] * coeff_reg[i];
     }
     output_r[j] = acc;
 }

In the fir_shift_register pragma HLS ARRAY_PARTITION is used to provide all array values simultaneously by partitioning the array such that each element has its own ports for read/write. Also, since outer loop uses pragma HLS PIPELINE, Vivado HLS compiler automatically applies loop unrolling to the shift_loop.

int shift_reg[N_COEFF];
  #pragma HLS ARRAY_PARTITION variable=shift_reg complete dim=0

init_loop:
   for (int i = 0; i < N_COEFF; i++) {
      #pragma HLS PIPELINE II=1
       shift_reg[i] = 0;
       coeff_reg[i] = coeff[i];
   }

outer_loop:
   for (int j = 0; j < signal_length; j++) {
      #pragma HLS PIPELINE II=1
       int acc = 0;
       int x = signal_r[j];

shift_loop:
       for (int i = N_COEFF - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
           if (i == 0) {
               acc += x * coeff_reg[0];
               shift_reg[0] = x;
           } else {
               shift_reg[i] = shift_reg[i - 1];
               acc += shift_reg[i] * coeff_reg[i];
           }
       }
       output_r[j] = acc;
   }

Following is the log reported while running the design on U250 platform:

Platform Name: Xilinx
INFO: Reading build_dir.hw.xilinx_u250_gen3x16_xdma_4_1_202210_1/fir.xclbin
Loading: 'build_dir.hw.xilinx_u250_gen3x16_xdma_4_1_202210_1/fir.xclbin'
Trying to program device[0]: xilinx_u250_gen3x16_xdma_shell_3_1
Device[0]: program successful!
Example Testdata Signal_Length=1048576 for 1000 iteration
|-------------------------+-------------------------|
| Kernel (per iteration)  |    Wall-Clock Time (ns) |
|-------------------------+-------------------------|
| fir_naive               |               327299834 |
| fir_shift_register      |                 4537361 |
|-------------------------+-------------------------|
| Speedup                 |                 72.1344 |
|-------------------------+-------------------------|
Note: Wall Clock Time is meaningful for real hardware execution only, not for emulation.
Please refer to profile summary for kernel execution time for hardware emulation.
TEST PASSED

EXCLUDED PLATFORMS:

• All NoDMA Platforms, i.e u50 nodma etc

DESIGN FILES

Application code is located in the src directory. Accelerator binary files will be compiled to the xclbin directory. The xclbin directory is required by the Makefile and its contents will be filled during compilation. A listing of all the files in this example is shown below

src/fir_naive.cpp
src/fir_shift_register.cpp
src/host.cpp

Access these files in the github repo by clicking here.

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS

Once the environment has been configured, the application can be executed by

./shift_register <fir XCLBIN>